Vitamins in the dog's diet
Vitamin D (calciferol) in the body dogs regulates the exchange of calcium and phosphorus, bone growth. Lack of vitamin D in the diet causes rickets in puppies, adult dogs - osteomalacia (painful bone softening), osteoporosis (bone atrophy). D-deficiency diseases appear more often at depriving dogs solntsa.Optimalnaya need for vitamin D in adult dogs IE 7, in young 20 IU per 1 kg of body weight. Many vitamin D contained in fish oil (100 IU / g) enriched yeast (four thousand IU / g.) In fish meal (10 g / 100 g); in preparations: vitamin D2 in oil (75 thousand IU / ml.), vitamin D3 in oil (5 thousand IU / ml.), Vidin (200 thousand IU / g.) trivitamin (10 thousand IU / ml.).
Vitamin E (tocopherol) in dogs supports normal reproduction function, promotes muscle is involved in cellular respiration. Vitamin E deficiency in dogs causes changes in the reproductive organs leads to infertility. In bitches soon after fertilization, the embryo is killed due to the accumulation of toxic substances in the body fat metabolism. Males spermogenez is broken and there is muscular dystrophy. The optimum requirement for vitamin E in adult dogs 2 mg, 2.2 mg in young per 1 kg of body weight. To prevent vitamin deficiency E-used drugs - tocopherol acetate, fodder, granuvit, kapsuvit containing 250 mg / d vitamin. Many vitamin E is found in oatmeal and buckwheat (3,4-6,6 mg / 100 g), and vegetable oil.
Vitamin K (phylloquinone) is antihemorrhagic factors involved in blood clotting. In dogs with a deficiency of this vitamin in the diet observed subcutaneous hemorrhage (bleeding in the neck, chest, legs, etc. Field). K-vitamin deficiency in dogs often arises in the liver and bowel disease. The optimum requirement for vitamin K for adult dogs 30 mcg, 60 mcg of young animals per 1 kg of body weight. Many vitamin K is contained in spinach (6 mg / 100 g), cabbage (3.2 mg / 100 g) and the preparation (menadione) - 520 mg / g.
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is involved in collagen formation of blood vessels, adrenal hormone synthesis, metabolism of amino acids, iron absorption in the gut, regulation of liver function. Ascorbic acid protects the dogs from the disease scurvy. With a lack of vitamin C in the diet of dogs there are multiple hemorrhages in the skin, joints and internal organs, bleeding gums and hypochromic anemia. The optimal demand vitamin C for adults dogs about 1 mg per 1 kg of live weight. Comparatively much vitamin C in the liver (33 mg / 100 g), potato (20 mg / 100 g), cabbage (45 mg / 100 g), spinach (55 mg / 100 g). The cooked vegetables contain vitamin C is much less.
Vitamin B1 (thiamine) in the body of the dogs participating in carbohydrate metabolism. With a lack of this vitamin in the diet in the blood and tissues of dogs accumulate pyruvic acid, which exhibits a toxic effect on the central nervous system in dogs appears polyneuritis (muscle weakness, movement disorders, paralysis, seizures, and others.). One of the causes of B1 vitamin deficiency is the large number of carbohydrates in the diet (white bread) and fish. The optimal demand for thiamine in adult dogs is 20 mcg, 30 mcg of young animals per 1 kg of body weight. Many vitamin B1 is contained in rye bread (0.4 mg / 100 g), buckwheat and oat groats (0.4-0.5 mg / 100 g), yeast (0.6 mg / 100 g).
Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) in the cells of an organism of dogs provides redox processes. Lack of this vitamin in the diet leads to loss and depigmentation wool, vomiting, bloody diarrhea, muscle weakness. In the summer season the dogs appear dermatitis, vertical cracks on the lips, seborrheic skin peeling around the mouth, nose, ears. Optimum need for riboflavin in adult dogs 40 mcg, 90 mcg of young animals per 1 kg of body weight. The sources of vitamin B2 are liver (2.2 mg / 100 g), yeast (0.7 mg / 100 g), B2 granuvit drug (500 mg / g).
Vitamin B3 (pantothenic acid) in the body regulates dogs enzyme system. The disadvantage of this vitamin in the diet causes pathological changes in the central nervous system, endocrine organs, skin. At B3, vitamin deficiency in dogs occur dermatitis, depigmentation and hair loss, bloody diarrhea, convulsions associated movements. The optimal demand for pantothenic acid in adult dogs 50 mcg, 200 mcg of young animals per 1 kg of body weight. Comparatively many liver riboflavin (6.8 mg / 100 g), kidney (3.8 mg / 100), yeast (4.2 mg / 100 g), calcium paptotenat preparation (450 mg / g).
Vitamin B4 (choline) regulates liver, exchange of phospholipids and sulfur containing amino acids. Choline deficiency in dogs diet causes obesity and hepatic necrosis and haemorrhagic renal degeneration. B4-deficiency disease most often appears in dogs with diets with a low content of the amino acid methionine. Optimum need for choline in adult dogs 33 mg, 55 mg in young per 1 kg of body weight. Choline many meat (70-100 mg / 100 g), liver (635 mg / 100 g), meat and bone meal (160 mg / 100 g), fish meal (260 mg / 100 g).
Vitamin B5 is directly involved in the metabolism of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, and oxidation of organic acids. With a lack in the diet of nicotinic acid in dogs appear severe gastrointestinal disease (diarrhea, glossitis, pellagra, and others.). Further features of the B5 vitamin deficiency in dogs - black tongue, mouth sores and pas body, bloody feces. Vitamin deficiency is most often observed in dogs in the diet which has a large number of corn porridge. The optimal demand for nicotinic acid in adult dogs of 240 mcg, 400 mcg of young animals per 1 kg of body weight. The sources of vitamin B5 are liver (9 mg / 100 g), fish meal (6 mg / 100 g), yeast (11.4 mg / 100 g), the preparation of nicotinamide (980 mg / 1 g).
Vitamin B6 (piridoksip) requires dogs to regulate the body's amino acid, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Lack of pyridoxine in the diet leads to severe diseases (seborrheic dermatitis, angular stomatitis, cheilosis, glossitis, etc..). Optimum need for pyridoxine in adult dogs 20 mcg, 50 mcg of young animals per 1 kg of body weight. Pyridoxine rich meat (0.5-1 mg / 100 g), liver (0.7 mg / 100 g), wheat (0.5 mg / 100 g), barley and buckwheat groats (0.4 mg / 100 g) yeast (0.6 mg / 100 g).
Vitamin E (tocopherol) in dogs supports normal reproduction function, promotes muscle is involved in cellular respiration. Vitamin E deficiency in dogs causes changes in the reproductive organs leads to infertility. In bitches soon after fertilization, the embryo is killed due to the accumulation of toxic substances in the body fat metabolism. Males spermogenez is broken and there is muscular dystrophy. The optimum requirement for vitamin E in adult dogs 2 mg, 2.2 mg in young per 1 kg of body weight. To prevent vitamin deficiency E-used drugs - tocopherol acetate, fodder, granuvit, kapsuvit containing 250 mg / d vitamin. Many vitamin E is found in oatmeal and buckwheat (3,4-6,6 mg / 100 g), and vegetable oil.
Vitamin K (phylloquinone) is antihemorrhagic factors involved in blood clotting. In dogs with a deficiency of this vitamin in the diet observed subcutaneous hemorrhage (bleeding in the neck, chest, legs, etc. Field). K-vitamin deficiency in dogs often arises in the liver and bowel disease. The optimum requirement for vitamin K for adult dogs 30 mcg, 60 mcg of young animals per 1 kg of body weight. Many vitamin K is contained in spinach (6 mg / 100 g), cabbage (3.2 mg / 100 g) and the preparation (menadione) - 520 mg / g.
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is involved in collagen formation of blood vessels, adrenal hormone synthesis, metabolism of amino acids, iron absorption in the gut, regulation of liver function. Ascorbic acid protects the dogs from the disease scurvy. With a lack of vitamin C in the diet of dogs there are multiple hemorrhages in the skin, joints and internal organs, bleeding gums and hypochromic anemia. The optimal demand vitamin C for adults dogs about 1 mg per 1 kg of live weight. Comparatively much vitamin C in the liver (33 mg / 100 g), potato (20 mg / 100 g), cabbage (45 mg / 100 g), spinach (55 mg / 100 g). The cooked vegetables contain vitamin C is much less.
Vitamin B1 (thiamine) in the body of the dogs participating in carbohydrate metabolism. With a lack of this vitamin in the diet in the blood and tissues of dogs accumulate pyruvic acid, which exhibits a toxic effect on the central nervous system in dogs appears polyneuritis (muscle weakness, movement disorders, paralysis, seizures, and others.). One of the causes of B1 vitamin deficiency is the large number of carbohydrates in the diet (white bread) and fish. The optimal demand for thiamine in adult dogs is 20 mcg, 30 mcg of young animals per 1 kg of body weight. Many vitamin B1 is contained in rye bread (0.4 mg / 100 g), buckwheat and oat groats (0.4-0.5 mg / 100 g), yeast (0.6 mg / 100 g).
Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) in the cells of an organism of dogs provides redox processes. Lack of this vitamin in the diet leads to loss and depigmentation wool, vomiting, bloody diarrhea, muscle weakness. In the summer season the dogs appear dermatitis, vertical cracks on the lips, seborrheic skin peeling around the mouth, nose, ears. Optimum need for riboflavin in adult dogs 40 mcg, 90 mcg of young animals per 1 kg of body weight. The sources of vitamin B2 are liver (2.2 mg / 100 g), yeast (0.7 mg / 100 g), B2 granuvit drug (500 mg / g).
Vitamin B3 (pantothenic acid) in the body regulates dogs enzyme system. The disadvantage of this vitamin in the diet causes pathological changes in the central nervous system, endocrine organs, skin. At B3, vitamin deficiency in dogs occur dermatitis, depigmentation and hair loss, bloody diarrhea, convulsions associated movements. The optimal demand for pantothenic acid in adult dogs 50 mcg, 200 mcg of young animals per 1 kg of body weight. Comparatively many liver riboflavin (6.8 mg / 100 g), kidney (3.8 mg / 100), yeast (4.2 mg / 100 g), calcium paptotenat preparation (450 mg / g).
Vitamin B4 (choline) regulates liver, exchange of phospholipids and sulfur containing amino acids. Choline deficiency in dogs diet causes obesity and hepatic necrosis and haemorrhagic renal degeneration. B4-deficiency disease most often appears in dogs with diets with a low content of the amino acid methionine. Optimum need for choline in adult dogs 33 mg, 55 mg in young per 1 kg of body weight. Choline many meat (70-100 mg / 100 g), liver (635 mg / 100 g), meat and bone meal (160 mg / 100 g), fish meal (260 mg / 100 g).
Vitamin B5 is directly involved in the metabolism of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, and oxidation of organic acids. With a lack in the diet of nicotinic acid in dogs appear severe gastrointestinal disease (diarrhea, glossitis, pellagra, and others.). Further features of the B5 vitamin deficiency in dogs - black tongue, mouth sores and pas body, bloody feces. Vitamin deficiency is most often observed in dogs in the diet which has a large number of corn porridge. The optimal demand for nicotinic acid in adult dogs of 240 mcg, 400 mcg of young animals per 1 kg of body weight. The sources of vitamin B5 are liver (9 mg / 100 g), fish meal (6 mg / 100 g), yeast (11.4 mg / 100 g), the preparation of nicotinamide (980 mg / 1 g).
Vitamin B6 (piridoksip) requires dogs to regulate the body's amino acid, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Lack of pyridoxine in the diet leads to severe diseases (seborrheic dermatitis, angular stomatitis, cheilosis, glossitis, etc..). Optimum need for pyridoxine in adult dogs 20 mcg, 50 mcg of young animals per 1 kg of body weight. Pyridoxine rich meat (0.5-1 mg / 100 g), liver (0.7 mg / 100 g), wheat (0.5 mg / 100 g), barley and buckwheat groats (0.4 mg / 100 g) yeast (0.6 mg / 100 g).